disassemble a binary file ecu

[tranky]

Watch you have my full cooperation and if you want a Sunday morning with calm postane one and start to see the composition and decomposition.
But certainly nothing of drinking seen that each character in the ascii table is linked to a function (either string a single character) from the program that generates these files to the ecu, and with difficulty something maybe results.
Or perhaps it is less complicated as we think..
We test and see what happens

[munro]

thank you very much tranky but you say that it would be for me nearly impossible to learn to read the ASCII??
intato, however, place a small reminder in a way that even those who are less experienced can understand what we're talking about.


The constitution and the operation logic of the electronic control units (ECU)


I want to try to tackle a topic very theoretical and of little practical use, that can help many of us to understand the logic of the functioning and the constitution of the love/hate electronic control units ECU that daily confront us in the diagnosis and repair of the vehicles and in their reprogramming.
My knowledge and skills in this area are rather basic: I am not an expert and I hope that those who have more experience can correct me.
The topic in depth would take a turn very theoretical and abstract fontamentalmente need and do not need it if one has to do is only rimappature, the situation is different in the case of the reprogramming of certain parameters of the micro most of the eprom, so I will try to be as simple as possible by summarising the information that I have in order to understand the reasoning of a control unit.



What is a ecu?
Any it is from the engine to the parking, from the first only appeared for the injection, until those of the last generation, the electronic control units are mainly formed by 5 the physical parts :

-Power supply:
Includes the positive and the negative coming in from the power source which, in the case of cars, is the battery. The control unit has devices that can stabilise the voltage levels, and generate other voltages such as the 5V for the sensors, and filter the potential of mass that is isolated from external noise (ignition systems, spurious radio frequency, electromagnetic interference, etc..)

-The inputs or input (I):
A control unit must have inputs for receiving information from the outside, whether they are "communications" (e.g. CAN) or incoming signals from the sensors; ****llo the physical inputs must be composed of at devices that read the electric signals and transform them into digital information.

-Outputs or output (O):
The outputs are used to convert the digital control signals and power to operate the actuators and / or send information.

-Microprocessor:
It is the operational heart of everything and is able to process the incoming information from the inputs, the access to the memory and the program operation and to control the outputs.

-Memory or eprom's:
It is the home where is "crammed" the information, the famous map and the necessary instructions to manage the processor.




Microprocessors "stupid".
The microprocessor is "stupid" has no possibility of reasoning, but only to execute statements one at a time; a set of instruction of make sense, that they perform a job to the processor that is called a Program example:
- Read the information of a sensor;
- Access to the memory right;
- Compare them with the stored parameters;
- Check the plausibility of the value;
- Manage an eventual exit command.
This set of instructions can be a real "program" what we're interested in.
The special feature of a microprocessor is the speed with which it executes the individual instructions; a speed that can reach even the migliardo operations per second!

How do you manage the information?
The Processor of any control unit being an electronic component can only reason with electrical signals: hence, there exists the need to convert all signals will be adequate.
The speech of the conversion is the basis of my discussion: the information undergo many transformations in the time that they reach the control unit, and for now leave it, the complexity is in the follow them all.

Bits,Bytes, hex, and ASCII
All this names represent the "formats", and the languages used by the control units (and the PC) to process the data, but let's start from the base.
The bits:
The only thing that knows how to make an electronic component is to recognize the voltages (with a multimeter), that, behold, hence the need to turn everything into electric signals, where a low voltage almost equal to zero will be recognized as a "0", while a higher voltage (for example 5V) will be recognized as "1", these two parameters are the bit, or the letters of the alphabet electronic.
By making all the combinations of 1 and 0 we can create an alphabet, and then words or instructions example 00000001 means "the beginning of the text," you have to think that a processor does not need a quantity of words as a human being, but only instructions to execute.
8-bit consecutive make up a Byte.
HEX CODE:
To simplify the work programme and who manages this fleet of 1's and 0's have created another language that simplifies everything is the "language, hexadecimal" or "HEX" or a system with base 16 which transforms the data into bytes, a code more short example 00111111 you can write 1F (translated means separator or N°31).
It seems difficult, but in the end it is just a different way of representing the same information, in the HEX code also appears that the letters (A B C D E F). Usually the ecus and the PC this code (in HEX) is used to represent the addresses of the memories, or the address from where to take or where to write the information, this need arises from the fact that a processor needs to know where to go to look for the data that they need otherwise they can find.
ASCII CODE
The ASCII code is an additional code to transform the Bytes of letters or sentences in order to understand something about us human beings is to program is to interface, for example, the diagnosis (P0300 means misfire).

To sum it up:
the management programs are written in ASCII code, the addresses in the HEX code and everything is translated by the program itself in Bytes (8bit) or the only language that the processor can understand, the practical side if we use an oscilloscope to, and observe what passes on the pin of the processor, we see electrical signals similar to square waves that represent the bits 1 and 0:




If, however, the programs which is affixed to, for example, those of remapping, we look for something in the memories we use addresses in HEX




If we make the diagnosis or plan we use the ASCII code, and ragionandoci you understand why there are so many languages, bits are inleggibili, the HEX are complex and used in rimappature only from "eyes" experts, while the ASCII code is for all the workers so to speak, is a bit like if we were to read japanese, translate in English and then in Italian.



Turns that you turn the control unit through the use of specific electrical signals (instructions) stored in the memory, operates with the other electrical signals by enabling or not the outputs, all at a speed ininmaginabile and without committing any errors, the errors if there are any, have been made by those who made the programs.
The unit for work, it must have the right supplies, the right input signals, and must operate in the correct manner, always speaking of voltages, currents and reaction times, while inside the memories need to contain the programs and the processor must control everything.

Clearly most the control unit is complex, and most operations must manage and the harder it is to analyze from our side, but with the knowledge bases described we can tackle any kind from a window automatically with a EDC17, clearly with the proper proportions.

The remapping on the part of the word is to vary some parameters "motor" inserted in the memory and taken as a reference by the processor, occupy a small part of the whole program and the protections of the anti-processing.

I hope I have not made confusion, I tried to sum up everything and make it as simple as possible in order to help to understand the logic of operation of a control unit, in order to have fewer doubts,on the other hand, luck or misfortune of these units there are and there is nothing you can do, if not get past them friends and improve our work.

[tranky]

Quoto in full as you have shown.
You could not be more clear as well

[tranky]

Munro view of your preparation I believe you put on less you to interpret the code of the EPROM, that I to make maps meaningful.

[tranky]

News
I did a search side tool to see any disassemblatori (no decompilers) and I saw that there are.
Now, the unknown is to know and understand what architecture (x86, arm, or what else) are made from these files and the ec response by the processor of the ECU and the type of memory that is used.
I don't know if I can post links only for vision, I take the responsibility of any claimant to the admin but only to make clear what is described in the hope that it is not interpreted as spam (do not do part of the unit of the site).

[tranky]

http://www.break-ic*****/Disassembler...e_engineer.htm

[munro]

very interesting tranky I seem to have understood that there is a sw able to decompile a file directly from a hex or dla bin to ASCII it seems to me that it's called IDA pro or something like that...I though that ostato above most do not know about the compilation/decompilation file that is otherwise not opened a tread tranky...
I hope to learn why as you rightly said you knowing to do this you really have the electronics in hand.

[munro]

look here tranky what I see:Andy Whittaker''s Site | What's In My Brain
go to the dissasembler me7.1, there are 3 video tutorials interesting, however, and all in English, a bit hard to follow for me..

[tranky]

Quiet, I'm taking the information necessary for the search of any software or of the type of decoding to be done to the ecu.
You advance that, in the case there are tools and should be made script specific, 90% is necessary to pass on Linux (and them I know pain for those who don't has never put hands).
Anyway nothing is impossible, the convenience of using Linux is in the compilers to whom entrust us to run a conversion script with multeplici variables and functionality with debug for any troubleshooting of the code that you created to maybe improve it or correct it.
Tomorrow I have more time to spend, now I have to go with the baby and miles by family (du palleeeee)...
I am available via cell as always

[tranky]

look here tranky what I see:Andy Whittaker''s Site | What's In My Brain
go to the dissasembler me7.1, there are 3 video tutorials interesting, however, and all in English, a bit hard to follow for me..

Good!
but it is only for the Bosch ME7.5