
Originally Written by
siggey
The modern turbo diesel turbines have variable geometry, and do not have the waste gate, followed by a brief explanation.
Variable geometry turbocharger
Conceptually identical to the turbocharger, the difference pi? great from this ? inherent in the impeller to the engine exhaust. In fact, it ? surrounded by vanes in which the movement, controlled by the electronic controller determines the variation of the angle of incidence of the exhaust gas with the vanes of the impeller for driving the same. In function of the rotation speed, these are open or closed to facilitate the speed? or, the flow to the second of the schemes themselves. There? leads to greater flexibility? and adaptability? with respect to the "Turbo" a nut fixed: a variable turbine geometry allows to obtain the same low inertia of a turbine of small size and the flow rate of air (and therefore power) of a turbine of a larger size. The field of application of the pi? the vast ? one of the Diesel high-pressure injection such as Common Rail and the injector pump.
Wastegate
In the turbocharged internal combustion engine, the wastegate ? a valve of maximum pressure used for the control of the operating conditions of the turbine driven by exhaust gas.
Use
In the case where the accelerator was always held down, the speed? of the turbine would increase leading, consequently, to an increase of the turbocharging pressure that, above a certain ****lli, and could jeopardize the integrity? some of the components of the engine. To check the continuation of this vicious circle is precisely used a valve, called the wastegate, that opens above a certain pressure allowing a part of exhaust gas to bypass the turbine and flow towards the outside. This implies a decrease of the speed? of rotation of the impeller and, consequently, a reduction of the turbocharger. There is also a blockage of this valve. In the strong acceleration you will enter the"an overboost". This function blocks the wastegate for a few seconds so that the engine can have all the air pumped by the turbine. In the past this was regulated by a timer now ? regulated by an electronic control unit (or ECU).
Operation
The action of this valve, positioned in the exhaust manifold (on the side of the turbine), ? proportional to the boost pressure (the compressor side) is open.
The action of the wastegate is to prevent the charging system from being stressed excessively, while maintaining the speed? rotation of the turbine within certain limits, by limiting the boost pressure maximum.
In the case of wastegate pneumatic tube applied on the compressor side actuates the wastegate valve. Exceeded the limit of danger, and the internal pressure from the compressor side overcomes the resistance of the valve spring and causes the opening. In this way, part of the exhaust gas is ducted to the outside, bypassing the turbine, which decelerates along with the compressor, thereby avoiding an excessive boost pressure. There? is because both the turbine and the compressor are placed on the same shaft; the rotation speed of both ? then identical. By decreasing the amount? of the exhaust gas which strikes the turbine reduces the wind speed? rotation of the turbine and of the compressor, and therefore the supply pressure.
In cars, the new concept of the wastegate ? instead controlled electrically by the ECU.